The Mining Association of Canada | The Canadian Mining Story: Economic Impacts and Drivers for the Global Energy Transition 2023 51 In response, governments are creating lists of minerals and metals on which their economies and national interests rely but to which they have insufficient or precarious access. While the materials on national critical minerals lists vary across jurisdictions, economic security, national defense and sustainability are common themes through which critical material identification has been justified. In December 2022, Canada released The Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy41 outlining Canada’s approach to critical minerals. According to the Strategy, “there is no green energy transition without critical minerals, which is why their supply chain resilience is an increasing priority for advanced economies. Every stage of the critical mineral value chain presents an opportunity for Canada, from exploration to recycling and everything in between.” Canada’s list of critical minerals was developed to guide investment and prioritize decision-making. In general, critical minerals were placed on Canada’s list where they: • have few or no substitutes; • are strategic and somewhat limited commodities; or • are increasingly concentrated in terms of extraction and, even more, in terms of processing location42. 41 Natural Resources Canada, The Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy, HM The King in Right of Canada, Ottawa https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/nrcan-rncan/site/critical-minerals/Critical-minerals-strategyDec09.pdf. 42 Natural Resources Canada, The Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy, HM The King in Right of Canada, Ottawa https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/nrcan-rncan/site/critical-minerals/Critical-minerals-strategyDec09.pdf. 43 Natural Resources Canada, Critical Minerals in Canada Figure 5: Critical Minerals in Canada43
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